Metallic support for stabilizing a broken fence post

ABSTRACT

A metallic support comprises an upright support riser and base arm positioned a distance D laterally offset from the base of the broken post, interior of and upon the property of the owner of the fence. Such base arm integrally connects to the riser through curved regions that causes the riser to extend outward toward the broken fence post above the break area, but provides for ample burial space offset from the broken post below the riser. The curved regions are defined by a center of curvature. Both upper and lower termini of the riser and base arm are cut along a bias relative to their respective axis of symmetry so as to (i) permit easy attachment of a L-shaped hanger to the riser and base arm at a position above the earth&#39;s surface and the broken fence post, using the broad surface of the upright leg of the L-shaped hanger, and the remaining transverse leg is attached to the curved regions of the riser and base arm and (ii) allow easy penetration by the lower termini into a concrete base constructed offset from the broken fence post. Result: the lower termini can be inserted into the prepared concrete base, allowed to set and then the L-shaped hanger can be attached to the broken fence post above the break plane in the correct working plane using conventional fasteners, without the need to extract the original broken fence post.

SCOPE OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a metallic support for repairinga wooden fence having a broken post at or near the earth's surface. Theinvention, more particularly, refers to such a metallic support thatincludes a common working plane bisecting same and in which, inoperations, the latter is usually perpendicular to the earth's surface.

[0002] In one aspect, the vertically positioned, metallic support of theinvention comprises an upright, extending tubular support riser bentover a central region to form a curved region defining a center ofcurvature, and a base arm positioned a distance D from line of the fenceto be repaired. Both the upper and lower termini of the riser and basearm are cut along a bias that (i) permits easy attachment of a L-shapedhanger of rectangular cross section to the broken fence, say wherein thebroad surface of an upright leg of the L-shaped hanger is broadlyattached to the fence post above the broken plane and the remainingtransverse leg is attached perpendicular to the curved region of theupright extending tubular support (ii) allows easy penetration by thelower termini into a wet concrete base constructed offset from that ofthe broken fence post. Result: lower termini of the tubular base arm canbe easily inserted into the prepared wet concrete base, allowed to setand then the L-shaped hanger can be attached to the broken fence postabove the break plane without the need to extract the original brokenfence post below same. The latter is unusually difficult to extractsince it usually includes a heavy, concealed, irregularly shapedconcrete mass at its lower end below the earth surface.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The prior art is replete with systems and apparatuses for thepurpose of excavating broken fence posts from their undergroundpositions. For example, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,437 for “POSTPULLER INCLUDING CONCRETE BASE PULLING MEANS”, there is described a postpuller with enlarged base to permit large lifting forces to be appliedto the broken fence post. Even though such puller improves the priorart, the operation is still difficult owing to the fact that theconcrete mass is usually quite heavy and awkward to extract, especiallyby one person.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] In accordance with the invention, a metallic support can beprovided for repair of a broken fence post without the need to removethe underground post remnant by the provision of a tubular uprightsupport riser and base arm, both of circular cross section. The base armof the support is positioned in operations, a distance D lateral of andoffset from the base of the broken post perpendicular to the earth'ssurface, say 10 inches interior of and upon the property of the owner ofthe fence, such base arm integrally connected to the riser throughcurved regions that causes the riser to extend outward toward the brokenfence post above the break area but provides for ample space to bury thebase arm in ground offset from the broken post. In more detail, thecurved regions are defined by a center of curvature and define anincluded angle A. Both upper and lower termini of the riser and base armare cut along a bias relative to their respective axis of symmetry so asto (i) permit easy attachment of a L-shaped hanger to the riser and basearm at a position above the earth's surface and the broken fence post,say wherein the broad surface of the upright leg of the L-shaped hangeris broadly attached to the post above the broken plane and the remainingtransverse leg is attached to the curved regions of the riser and basearm of the tubular support of the invention (ii) allow penetration bythe lower termini into a wet concrete base constructed offset from thebroken fence post. Result: the lower termini of the tubular support canbe easily inserted into the prepared concrete base, allowed to set andthen the L-shaped hanger can be attached to the broken fence post abovethe break plane in the correct working plane using conventionalfasteners, without the need to extract the original broken fence postbelow same.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0005]FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a broken fence post and fence inpartial section, skewed in a first direction lateral to the fence lineplane P1;

[0006]FIG. 2 is another side elevation of the broken fence post andfence of FIG. 1 in which the metallic support of the invention ispositioned offset from the broken fence post in a direction opposite tothe first direction;

[0007]FIG. 3 is yet another side elevation of the broken fence post andfence of FIGS. 1 and 2 in which the metallic support of the invention isattached to the broken fence post above its broken zone to bring thepost and fence back into proper working orientation, say normal to theearth's surface;

[0008]FIG. 4 is a side view of the metallic support of FIGS. 2 and 3;

[0009]FIG. 5 is a detail of a portion of the metallic support of FIG. 4;

[0010]FIG. 6 is a rear view of the support of FIG. 4;

[0011]FIG. 7 is a front view of the support of FIG. 4;

[0012]FIG. 8 is a front view of the support of FIG. 4 minus a L-shapedhanger to illustrate a riser and a base arm thereof;

[0013]FIG. 9 is a side view of the riser and base arm of FIG. 8;

[0014]FIGS. 10 and 11 are sections taken along lines 10-10 and 11-11 ofFIG. 9, respectively;

[0015]FIG. 12 is a front view of the L-shaped hanger of FIG. 4;

[0016]FIG. 13 is a side view of the L-shaped hanger of FIG. 12;

[0017]FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the L-shaped hanger of FIG. 12;

[0018]FIG. 15 is a section taken along line 15-15 of FIG. 14; and

[0019]FIG. 16 is a side elevation of another broken fence post in whichthe broken zone of the broken post is completely surrounded by aconcrete section so that the modified metallic support of the inventionis shown attached at opposite ends (i) to the broken fence post aboveits broken zone and (ii) to the concrete section to bring the post andfence back into proper working orientation, say normal to the earth'ssurface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] As shown in FIG. 1, a fence post 9 supports a lateral fencesection 10 of a conventional fence 11 in a transverse directionsignified by fence line plane P1, even though the fence post 9 is brokenat break zone 13. The post 9 is of wood having an uniform size say ofrectangular cross section, and includes a base segment 14 below theearth's surface 17 encased within concrete mass 15, and an above-groundsegment 16. For descriptional purposes only, the break zone 13 is seento be horizontal to the earth's surface due to bending force applied tothe fence post 9, say in the above ground segment 16 of the post 9 atits intersection with the earth's surface 17 where such bending and/ortwisting forces are maximum. Such break zone 13 is seen to extend acrossa pair of parallel side surfaces 18 to define irregular break surfaces13 a, 13 b so that the above-ground segment 16 of the post 9 andattendant lateral fence section 10 is displaced sideways away from fenceline plane P1 in a longitudinal direction indicated by arrow 19 whereinsignificant numbers of other fence posts (one of which is shown at 9A)along the fence 11 remain intact to support the fence 11 in an uprightportion relative to the earth's surface 17 as indicated by the fenceline plane P1.

[0021] In order to repair the broken fence post 9, the repairerheretofore usually had to extract the base segment 14 including concretemass 15 from its position below the earth's surface 17 and then replacesame with a new fence post (not shown). The operation is difficult owingto the fact that the concrete mass 15 is usually quite heavy and awkwardto extract, especially by one person.

[0022] In accordance with the invention as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, ametallic support 20 can be provided as depicted to effect stabilizationof the above-ground segment 16 of the broken fence post 9 above breakzone 13 without the need to extract the base segment 14 of the latterfrom its location. Furthermore, the repairer does not have to do followup steps that include, say re-nailing the upright side sections relativeto the new post and to dispose of both the base and top segments 14, 16of the broken fence post 9 in proper fashion, say in accord withenvironmental laws.

[0023] As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the metallic support 20 is seen tobe bisected by a working plane P normal to the fence line plane P1 wheresuch bisection is defined as dividing the support 20 into identical andequal vertical parts via the vertical plane P (which is also normal tothe earth's surface), such plane P also intersecting the fence lineplane P1 (which is also vertical)_ at 90 degrees as if imaginary letter“X” exits at the intersection of the earth and support 20 and the fenceline and the planes P and P1 and passes through opposed legs thereof.

[0024] Briefly, in FIG. 2 the metallic support 20 includes an Uprightsupport riser 24 of circular cross section of a diameter Do, and anupright base arm 25 planted in the new concrete base 26 laterally offseta transverse distance D measured from centerline 27 of the base segment14 of the broken post 9 perpendicular to earth's surface 17, say about10 inches interior of and upon the property owner. But note that thelateral fence section 10 attached to the broken post 9 remains tilted ina longitudinal direction indicated by arrow 19 off-side from themetallic support 20 of the invention until the new concrete base 26 isfully set. As a result, significant numbers of other fence posts (one ofwhich is shown at 9A) along the fence 11 remain intact to support thefence 11 in an upright portion relative to the earth's surface 17 asindicated by the fence line plane P1. Note that the support riser 24 ispositioned to extend toward the above-ground segment 16 but does notcontact same.

[0025] In FIG. 3, the broken above-ground segment 16 of the broken post9 is shown attached to the upright support riser 24 of the metallicsupport 20 via fasteners 21 whereby the fence 11 is brought intocomplete, stabilized upright orientation. As indicated, centerline 22 ofthe above-ground segment 16 of the post 9 is brought into linearalignment with the centerline 27 of below-ground base segment 14. As aresult, the mended post 9 is fully bisected by the fence line plane P1,such plane P1 usually but not necessarily being normal to the earth'ssurface 17. That is to say, the broken above-ground segment 16 of thebroken post 9 is shown attached to the support riser 24 of the metallicsupport 20 via a L-shaped hanger 30 whereby the fence 11 is brought intocomplete upright orientation as indicated by fence line plane P1,usually but not necessarily normal to the earth's surface 17.

[0026] FIGS. 4-15 show the metallic support 20 in more detail.

[0027] As shown in FIGS. 4-7, the metallic support 20 includes theupright support riser 24 of circular cross section. The riser 24 and theupright base arm 25 (also of circular cross section), the riser 24 andbase arm 25 being integrally connected as previously mentioned. Finally,L-shaped hanger 30 is attached thereto via welds 31, 32.

[0028] In detail as shown in FIGS. 8-11, the upright base arm 25comprises a lower terminus 33, a main section 34 and a curvedterminating region 35. Similarly, the support riser 24 includes a curvedterminating region 36 integrally connected to the curved terminatingregion 35 of the upright base arm 25, main section 37 and terminus 38.The diameter Do of the support riser 24 and upright base arm 25 iscommon which defines a common side wall 39 equal to about 1½ inches O.D.

[0029] In FIGS. 8 and 9, both lower and upper termini 33, 38 of the base25 and the riser 24, respectively, are cut along a bias relative to theaxes of symmetry 60. 61 thereof, as shown.

[0030] FIGS. 12-15 depict the L-shaped hanger 30 in detail.

[0031] As shown, the L-shaped hanger 30 includes upright leg 40 oflength Lo and transverse leg 41 of length L1 where Lo is greater thanL1. The legs 40, 41 are of rectangular cross section and define athickness T and the legs 40, 41 intersect each other at rounded corner42. Terminal end 43 of the transverse leg 41 is inwardly concave.Openings 44 extend through the upright leg 40 to allow entry offasteners as previously mentioned.

[0032] In FIGS. 12 and 13, note that the openings 44 are formed inupright leg 40 but with a paucity of openings in transverse leg 41. Theopenings 44 are spaced apart a distance D4 measured from respective axesof symmetry 50. Upper opening 44 a is located a distance D5 from upperend 51 of the upright leg 40 of L-shaped hanger 30 to form a free zonealong the latter for easier attachment as explained below. Note theabsence of any openings in transverse leg 41. Hence, there is nostructural weakness due to such effects.

[0033] Returning to FIGS. 4-7, note the assembly of the invention isstraight forward.

[0034] That is, weld 31 is provided at oval intersection 45 Occurringbetween broad surface 46 of the upright leg 40 of L-Shaped hanger 30 andthe terminus 38 of the support riser 24. While weld 32 occurs betweenconcave terminal end 43 (see FIG. 5) of transverse leg 41 to form anarcuate intersection 47 relative to curved regions 35, 36 of the uprightbase arm 25, and upright support riser 24, respectively. Note also thatin assembly such curved regions, 35, 36 are orientated such that thesupport riser 24 is cantilevered to one-side of axis of symmetry 60 ofthe base arm 25. Similarly, the L-shaped hanger 30 is oriented such thatits upright leg 40 is parallel to the base arm 25. Furthermore, axes ofsymmetry 60, 63 of the base arm 25 and of the upright leg 35,respectively, are parallel.

[0035] Returning to FIG. 5 which is a detail, enlarged view of thearcuate intersection 47, of the curved regions 35, 36 and of the weld32, note that such regions 35, 36 are seen to be defined by a center ofcurvature C and an angle A of about 150 degrees relative to axis ofsymmetry 60 of the base arm 25 and axis of symmetry 63 of the riser 24,respectively. Also note in FIG. 6 that the weld 31 extends about alimited sector of the total circumference of riser 24 to define thearcuate intersection 45.

[0036] Returning to FIG. 4, note that the regions 35, 36 are locatedslightly beyond midpoint between the base arm 25 and the riser 24. Thusthe base arm 25 is a bit longer than the riser 24. Note that the axes ofsymmetry 60, 61 intersect at junction 64 whereby the center of curvatureC is offset to one side thereof. Such junction 64 is located a distanceD1 from the upper terminus 38 of the riser 224 and a distance D2 fromthe lower terminus 33 of the base arm 25 where D2>D1. The regions 35,36are formed using a conventional pipe forming tool such as an electricalconduit bender obtained from a hardware store. Note that axis ofsymmetry 61 intersects broad surface 46 of upright leg 400 at anincluded angle equal to A formed at the regions 35, 36.

[0037] In FIGS. 6 and 7, the common diameter Do of the riser 24 andupright base arm 25 is depicted so as to be about equal to the lateraldimension W of the L-shaped hanger 30 when combined with welds 31, 32,as depicted even though both lower and upper termini 33, 38 of the base25 and the riser 24, respectively, are cut along a bias relative to theaxes of symmetry 60. 61 thereof, as shown.

[0038] Result: (i) easy attachment of the upper terminus 38 of the riser24 relative to the broad surface 46 of the upper leg 40 of the L-shapedhanger 30 can occur so that the broad surface 46 accepts the parameterof the upper terminus 38 of the riser 24 and supports same wherebyparametric weld 31 can be applied to permanently affix the former to thelatter, and (ii) easy penetration by the lower termini 33 of the basearm 25 is also allowed, say into the wet concrete base 26 of FIG. 2offset from the concrete base 15 of the broken fence post 9, through theefforts of a single workman.

[0039] Rigidity as well as light weightiness of the support 20 is aidedby the fact that the riser 24 is provided with a circular cross sectionso resistance to bending forces (either in compression or tension) arehigh, by the fact that the L-shaped hanger 30 is of a rectangular crosssection, see FIG. 15, that includes broad surfaces 66, as well as thefact that the riser 24 is preferably formed of aluminum while theL-shaped hanger 30 is formed of a compatible metal to allow easy weldingthereof.

[0040] In FIG. 4, note that the biased upper terminus 38 of the riser 24defines a plane that is parallel to the axis of symmetry 60 of base arm25. Likewise, the position of the upright leg 40 of the L-shaped hanger30 is similarly defined.

[0041] As shown in FIG. 5, the concave, rounded end 43 of the transverseleg 41 is shaped to solidly butt against the curved regions 35, 36 atthe circumference of the latter. When attached by sector weld 32,permanently and rigid attachment occurs, viz., at intersection 47thereof.

Operations

[0042] In operations as seen in FIG. 3, note that compression Bendingforces F acting on the fence 11 are resisted by the full depth of thebase arm 25 within the concrete base 26, acting through the riser 24.Hence, the length of the base arm 25 and hence depth of the concretebase 26 may be extended to counteract high environmental windconditions. Tensional bending acting on the fence 11 is similarlyresisted.

[0043] Note also that via resolution of forces principles, the shearingforce acting on riser 24 due to compressional force F is much reduced indirect consequence of the angled orientation of riser 24 and the natureof triangulation of force effects. As to the latter, note that theforces F act normal along the full length of pright leg 40 of theL-shaped hanger 30 and thence through lower transverse leg 41 to thecurved regions 35, 36. A right resistance triangle is thus formedwherein the hypotenuse is the riser 24, while the upright and transverselegs 40, 41 are the sides thereof. To fail, the riser 24 must bendthrough the vertical plane established by the base arm 25 and suchbending is resisted by the orientation of such triangle. That is to say,the shearing force acting on the riser 24 is directly reduced by theangle B formed between the riser 24 and the upright leg 40 of theL-shaped hanger 30.

[0044] The probability of internal failure of the riser 24 is Furtheraided (with respect to such forces F) because its circular Cross sectionwhich is an optimal factor in effecting resistance of bending loads onthe fence 11.

[0045] Result: (i) easy attachment of the upper leg 40 of the L-shapedhanger 30 relative to the above-ground segment 16 of the post 9 ispermitted wherein broad surface 46 of the upright leg 40 acceptspressure loads therealong, yet (ii) bending forces F acting on the fence11 are optimally resisted.

[0046] The above description offers a description of several aspects ofthe invention. However, it is not intended that such be construed aslimitations as to the scope of the invention, but merely serve asexamples in that persons skilled in the art can envision other obviousvariations, modifications and changes within the scope of suchdescription. For example, the cross section of the riser 24 could bechanged to say square so long as the length of the welds 31, 32 remainabout the same. In addition, while the riser 24 is preferably formed ofaluminum, the L-shaped hanger 30 should be formed of a compatible metalto allow easy welding thereof. In addition, note that the metallicsupport 20 can be constructed by a method that includes the steps of:

[0047] (i) bending a length of a metallic tube of diameter Do about anoffset center of curvature C to form curved regions 35, 36 defining aninterior angle A, a base arm 25 and a riser 24, the latter beingintegrally attached at the curved regions 35, 36 wherein the base arm 25and the tubular riser 24 each has a terminus 33, 38 oriented along abias, and wherein axes of symmetry 60, 61 of the base arm 25 and of theriser 24 intersect at common junction point 64 adjacent to the center ofcurvature C wherein a common working plane P can be defined that iscoincident with the center of curvature C and the axes of symmetry 60,61 and which bisects the base arm 25 and the riser 24,

[0048] (ii) attaching a metallic, L-shaped hanger 30 having upright andtransverse legs 40, 41 each of rectangular cross section defining atransverse dimension W, relative to the tubular riser on the same sideas the center of curvature C so that the L-shaped hanger 30 is alsobisected by the common working plane wherein attachment occurs viaterminus 38 of the tubular riser 24 being placed in parametric contactwith the broad surface 46 of the upright leg 40 and via the concaveround end 43 of the transverse leg 41 being placed in butting contactwith the curved regions 35, 36 of the base arm 25 and of the riser 24whereby a resistance triangle to bending is formed totally within theworking plane P.

Article of Manufacture

[0049]FIG. 16 is a side elevation of a modified, L-shaped metallichanger 100 of the invention in an environment in which broken zone 101of a wooden post 102 is completely surrounded by a concrete section 103so that the modified metallic hanger 100 of the invention is shownattached via upright arm 100 a, and transverse arm 100 b (i) to theabove-ground segment 102 a of the broken fence post 102 (i.e., above thebroken zone 101 thereof) and (ii) to concrete section 103 to bring thepost 102 and fence 106 back into proper working orientation, i.e.wherein the above-ground segment 102 a and below-ground segment 102 bare positioned atop each other in the vertical direction, viz.,coextensive of each other. Vertical alignment is attained between theabove-ground segment 102 a and the below-ground segment 102 b, as shownwherein concrete anchors 106 and wood screws 107 are inserted throughthe hanger 100 into engagement with the concrete section 103 and intoengagement with the above-ground segment 102 a of the post 102,respectively. Note further that the description of L-shaped metallichanger 100 is the same as that of hanger 30 depicted in FIGS. 4 and 7,supra, and that description and the accompanying written matter areincorporated herein by reference. Hence the scope of the invention is tobe determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for the repair of a broken fence postcomprising the steps of: (i) digging a hole at the earth's surfacepositioned to one side of the broken fence post to be repaired, aselected distance D from the latter, the broken fence post including anabove-ground segment and an underground base segment, said fence postalso forming a portion of a fence defined by a fence line and a verticalplane through through said fence line, (ii) filling the hole withconcrete, (iii) spading in a base arm of a metallic support into theconcrete of step (ii), said metallic support including (a) a tubularsegment bent to form a curved region, said tubular segment including ametallic base arm used to spade in the metallic support into theconcrete and a metallic angled riser integral to said metallic base armat said curved region, said base arm and said angled riser each defininga remote terminus and a common bisecting working plane P, and (b) aL-shaped hanger of rectangular cross section attached to said base armand said riser adapted to be bisected by said working plane P, saidL-shaped hanger also extending above the concrete and including anupright leg in parametric oval contact with said remote terminus of saidriser including a portion that cantilevers beyond aid remote terminus,and a transverse leg in terminating arcuate contact with said curvedregion to provide a resistance triangle, (iv) manipulating the metallicsupport so that the angled rise and L-shaped hanger integral of themetallic support, extend above the concrete to a position wherein saidworking plane P for the metallic support is approximately normal to theestablished vertical plane of the original fence line wherein theupright leg of the L-shaped hanger is positioned offset from the planeof the fence line by a selected amount related to the lateral dimensionD of the broken fence post, (v) securing the above-ground segment of thebroken fence post to the upright leg of the L-shaped hanger viafasteners whereby in operating, bending forces acting on the fence areresisted by the resistance triangle in the working plane P that includesthe riser and the upright and transverse legs of the L-shaped hanger. 2.The method of claim 1 in which steps (ii) and (iii) occur aboutsimultaneously.
 3. The method of claim 1 in which step (iv) includes theprecursor step of allowing sufficient time to permit the concrete to setabout the base arm of the metallic support.
 4. A method of makingmetallic support for the repair of a broken fence post in the field,comprising the steps of: (i) bending a length of a metallic tube ofdiameter Do so as to define an interior angle A and a curved region,said bent tube including a metallic base arm and a metallic angled riserintegral to said base arm at said curved region, said base arm and saidangled riser each defining a remote terminus and a common working planeP, (ii) attaching a metallic, L-shaped hanger to said bent tube in aparticular position, said l-shaped hanger having upright and transverselegs and a curved region therebetween of rectangular cross section, saidtransverse leg defining a transverse dimension W, said particularposition being such that the L-shaped hanger is also bisected by thecommon working plane P whereby a resistance triangle to bending isformed in the common working plane P.
 5. The method of claim 4 in whichthe resistance triangle of step (ii) is a right triangle in which thehypotenuse is the riser and the upright and transverse legs of theL-shaped hanger are the sides thereof whereby in operations, bendingforces are resisted.
 6. The method of claim 5 in which the diameter Doof the riser and base arm is about equal to the lateral dimension W ofthe L-shaped hanger.
 7. The method of claim 6 in which the riser isformed of aluminum and attachment between the riser and L-shaped hangeris via welding.
 8. In the repair of a broken fence post, an article ofmanufacture comprising: tubular means bent to form a curved regiondefining an interior angle A, a metallic base arm and metallic angledriser integral to each other at said curved region whereby each define abiased terminus and common working plane P bisecting said arm and riser,a metallic L-shaped hanger of rectangular cross section defining alateral dimension W, said L-shaped hanger including an upright leghaving a broad surface in attaching contact with an above-ground segmentof a broken fence post, said L-shaped hanger also including a transverseleg adjacent to an under-ground segment and adapted to be attached tosaid tubular means whereby said L-shaped hanger is also bisected by saidworking plane P and whereby a resistance triangle to bending is formedthereby wherein said above-ground and below-ground segments of saidbroken post in coextensive positional relationship of each other in avertical direction normalized to the earth's surface.
 9. The article ofmanufacture of claim 8 in which said riser and said base arm of tubularmeans are formed of aluminum and said L-shaped hanger is formed of acompatible metal to allow easy welding therebetween.
 10. The article ofmanufacture of claim 8 in which said resistance triangle of saidL-shaped hanger is a right triangle including a hypotenuse and sidesopposite thereto in which said hypotenuse is said riser and said sidesare said upright and transverse legs, respectively, of said L-shapedhanger whereby in operations, bending forces are resisted in saidworking plane.
 11. The article of manufacture of claim 8 in which saiddiameter Do of said riser and said base arm of said tubular means isabout equal to said lateral dimension W of said upright and transverselegs of said L-shaped hanger.